Thema 3: Edrych yn ôl

1-5

1. O’n i – I was
    O’n i yn y dref ddoe – I was in town yesterday

2. O’n i’n gwylio – I was watching
    O’n i’n gwylio’r teledu neithiwr – I was watching tv last night

3. O’n i’n gweithio – I was working
    O’n i’n gweithio gartref – I was working at home

4. O’n i ddim – I was not
    O’n i ddim yma wythnos diwetha – I wasn’t here last week

5. O’n i ddim yn teimlo – I wasn’t feeling
    O’n i ddim yn teimlo’n dda bore ’ma – I wasn’t feeling well this morning

6-10

6. Wnes i – I did
    Wnes i’r gwaith ddoe – I did the work yesterday

7. Wnes i wylio (gwylio) – I watched  [I did watch]
    Wnes i wylio’r gêm rygbi – I watched the rugby match

8. Wnes i brynu (prynu) – I bought  [I did buy]
    Wnes i brynu potel o win coch – I bought a bottle of red wine

9. Wnes i fynd (mynd) – I went  [I did go]
    Wnes i fynd adref yn gynnar – I went home early

10. Wnes i ddal (dal) – I caught  [I did catch]
     Wnes i ddal y bws hwyr – I caught the late bus

You will also hear and see these variations:

Gwnes i / Mi wnes i – I did

Using “wnes i” is widely with other verbs used in spoken Welsh to say what you did (the past tense). Any verb that follows “wnes i” will undergo a Soft Mutation. You can see the original form of those verbs in round brackets in the Welsh above.

You will also hear people say “Wnes i wneud...” (= I did do).

There is also a shorter form of the past tense that you will hear and see and come across if you attend formal Welsh classes...

Wnes i wylio:  Gwyliais i / Mi wyliais i

Wnes i brynu: Prynais i / Mi brynais i

Wnes i ddal:  Daliais i / Mi ddaliais i

Wnes i fynd:  Es i / Mi es i

11-15

11. Wnes i ddim – I did not do
       Wnes i ddim gwaith – I didn’t do any work

12. Wnes i ddim byd – I didn’t do anything
       Wnes i ddim byd dros y penwythnos – I didn’t do anything over the weekend

13. Wnes i ddim gwylio – I didn’t watch
       Wnes i ddim gwylio’r ffilm – I didn’t watch the film

14. Wnes i ddim mynd – I didn’t go
        Wnes i ddim mynd ar wyliau llynedd – I didn’t go on holiday last year

15. Wnes i ddim mwynhau – I didn’t enjoy
        Wnes i ddim mwynhau’r pryd – I didn’t enjoy the meal

16-20

16. Wnest ti? – Did you do? [Informal]
       Wnest ti’r gwaith? – Did you do the work?
       Do / Naddo – Yes / No

17. Wnest ti brynu (prynu)? – Did you buy? [Informal]
       Wnest ti brynu rhywbeth? – Did you buy something?
       Do / Naddo – Yes / No

18. Wnest ti fwynhau (mwynhau)? – Did you enjoy? [Informal]
       Wnest ti fwynhau’r noson? – Did you enjoy the evening?
       Do / Naddo – Yes / No

19. Wnest ti fynd (mynd)? – Did you go? [Informal]
      Wnest ti fynd adref yn gynnar? – Did you go home early?
      Do / Naddo – Yes / No

20. Wnest ti orffen (gorffen)? – Did you finish? [Informal]
      Wnest ti orffen y gwaith? – Did you finish the work?
      Do / Naddo – Yes / No

Ti (You) is used informally between friends and family members and adults to younger people to refer to one person (singular).

Compare the use of ‘Tu’ in French or ‘Du’ in German.

There is also a shorter form of the past tense that you will hear and see and come across if you attend formal Welsh classes...

Wnest ti brynu? :  Brynaist ti?

Wnest ti fwynhau? :  Fwynheuaist ti?

Wnest ti orffen? :  Orffennaist ti?

Wnest ti fynd? :  Est ti?

21-25

21. Wnaethoch chi? – Did you do? [Formal/Plural]
       Wnaethoch chi’r gwaith? – Did you do the work?
       Do / Naddo – Yes / No

22. Wnaethoch chi wylio (gwylio)? – Did you watch? [Formal/Plural]
       Wnaethoch chi wylio’r ffilm? – Did you watch the film?
       Do / Naddo – Yes / No#

23. Wnaethoch chi ennill? – Did you win? [Formal/Plural]
       Wnaethoch chi ennill y gêm? – Did you win the match?
       Do / Naddo – Yes / No

24. Wnaethoch chi redeg (rhedeg)? – Did you run? [Formal/Plural]
       Wnaethoch chi redeg yn y ras? – Did you run in the race?
       Do / Naddo – Yes / No

25. Wnaethoch chi fynd (mynd)? – Did you go? [Formal/Plural]
       Wnaethoch chi fynd i’r Eisteddfod? – Did you go to the Eisteddfod?
       Do / Naddo – Yes / No

 Chi (You) is used in formal situations to refer to one person (singular) or in all situations to refer to more than one person (plural) between friends and family members and adults to younger people.

Compare the use of ‘Tu’ in French or ‘Du’ in German.

There is also a shorter form of the past tense that you will hear and see and come across if you attend formal Welsh classes...

Wnaethoch chi wylio?  :  Wylioch chi?

Wnaethoch chi ennill?  :  Enilloch chi?

Wnaethoch chi redeg?  :  Redoch chi?

Wnaethoch chi fynd?  :  Aethoch chi?

26-30

26. O’n i eisiau – I wanted
      O’n i eisiau mynd – I wanted to go
      O’n i ddim eisiau dod – I didn’t want to come

 27. O’n i’n hoffi – I liked
       O’n i’n hoffi’r ffilm – I liked the film
       O’n i ddim yn hoffi’r bwyd – I didn’t like the food

28. O’n i'n arfer – I used to
      O’n i’n arfer chwarae – I used to play
      O’n i ddim yn arfer yfed – I didn’t used to drink

29. O’n i’n gwybod – I knew [something]
      O’n i’n gwybod hynny – I knew that
      O’n i ddim yn gwybod y geiriau – I didn’t know the words

30. O’n i’n nabod – I knew [someone]
      O’n i’n nabod Ceri – I knew Ceri
      O’n i ddim yn nabod Ceri – I didn’t know Ceri

You will also hear and see the following variations:
Ro’n i / Roeddwn i
Do’n i ddim / Doeddwn i ddim

As well as expressing “was” in English (the Imperfect Tense) , we use o’n i in Welsh to express any continuous action in the past:

O’n i’n nofio bob bore – I swam / used to swim every morning
O’n i’n arfer chwarae tennis – I used to play tennis

Note that it is also has to be used with certain verbs to express their past tenses:
O’n i eisiau – I wanted (to)
O’n i’n hoffi – I liked
O’n i’n gwybod –I knew (something)
O’n i’n nabod – I knew/recognised (someone)

31-35

31. O't ti? – Were you? [Informal]
      O't ti’n sâl? – Were you ill?
      O’n / Nac o’n – Yes / No

 32. O’ch chi? – Were you? [Formal/Plural]
      O’ch chi’n hwyr? – Were you late?
      O’n / Nac o’n – Yes / No

33. O't ti eisiau? – Did you want?
      O't ti eisiau help? – Did you want help?
      O’n / Nac o’n – Yes / No

34. O't ti’n gwybod? – Did you know? (something)?
      O’t ti’n gwybod y geiriau? – Did you know the words?
      0’n / Nac o’n – Yes / No

35. O't ti’n nabod? – Did you know? (someone)
      O't ti’n nabod y person yna ? – Did you know that person?
      O’n / Nac o’n – Yes / No

 You will also hear and see:

Oeddet ti? – Informal

– Oeddwn / Nac oeddwn

Oeddat ti? – Informal North

–  Oeddwn / Nac oeddwn

Oeddech chi? – Formal

–  Oeddwn / Nac oeddwn

Oeddach chi? – Formal North

–  Oeddwn / Nac oeddwn

Oeddech chi? – Plural

– Oedden / Nac oedden

Oeddach chi? – Plural North

– Oeddan / Nac oeddan